It has won many critics ..No fuel source is completely positive or completely negative. Consumers need to weigh the pros and cons of biofuels to determine whether they feel comfortable with this emerging resource as an alternative to traditional fuels.
Advantages
Biofuel advocates frequently point out the advantages of these plant- and animal-based fuels, such as:
- Cost: Once the technology is widely available, biofuels can be significantly less expensive than gasoline and other fossil fuels, particularly as worldwide demand for oil increases, therefore increasing oil and gasoline prices to unheard of levels.
- Source Material: Whereas oil is a limited resource that comes from specific materials, biofuels can be manufactured from a wide range of materials including crop waste, manure, and other byproducts, making it a efficient step in recycling.
- Renewability: It takes thousands of years for fossil fuels to be produced, but biofuels are much more easily renewable as new crops are grown and waste material is collected.
- Security: By reducing dependence on foreign fuel sources, countries can protect the integrity of their energy resources and make them safe from outside influences.
- Economic Stimulation: Because biofuels are produced locally, biofuel manufacturing plants can employ hundreds or thousands of workers, creating new jobs in rural areas. Biofuel production will also increase the demand for suitable biofuel crops, providing economic stimulation to the agriculture industry.
- Biodegradability: Biofuels are easily biodegradable and far safer to handle than traditional fuels, making spills less hazardous and much easier and less expensive to clean up.
- Lower Carbon Emissions: When biofuels are burned, they produce significantly less carbon output and fewer toxins, making them a safer alternative to preserve atmospheric quality and lower air pollution.
Disadvantages
Despite the many positive characteristics of biofuels, there are also many disadvantages to these energy sources.
- Energy Output: Biofuels have a lower energy output than traditional fuels and therefore require greater quantities to be consumed in order to produce the same energy level.
- Production Carbon Emissions: Several studies have been conducted to analyze the carbon footprint of biofuels, and while they may be cleaner to burn, there are strong indications that the process to produce the fuel - including the machinery necessary to cultivate the crops and the plants to produce the fuel - has hefty carbon emissions.
- High Cost: To refine biofuels to more efficient energy outputs and to build the necessary manufacturing plants to increase biofuel quantities will require a high initial investment.
- Food Prices: As demand for food crops such as corn grows for biofuel production, it could also raise prices for necessary staple food crops.
- Water Use: Massive quantities of water are required for proper irrigation of biofuel crops as well as to manufacture the fuel, which could strain local and regional water resources.
- Availability: Biofuels are not widely available for consumer purchase and most vehicles are not equipped to run on biofuel products. Limited availability reduces the desirability of biofuels as alternative energy sources.
- Smell: Biofuel production produces heavy smells depending on the type of materials used, and those smells are generally undesirable near large communities. While manufacturing plants can be isolated, this will add to the carbon emissions necessary to bring fuel to population centers
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Despite all these disadvantages of bio-fuel and the need for higher oil needs, bio-fuel has a future and a long way to go with the 2nd, 3rd and future generations proving better over each ones..
I came across a website of Cleanstar who deal into Sustainable BioFuel Production System.
CleanStar produces Diesel substitutes from oilseed-bearing trees as shown below.
The company focuses on promoting the planting of trees like Pongamia pinnata and Jatropha curcas, which can grow well on land that is unsuitable for food crop production. The oil and seedcake produced from these trees is inedible and therefore also not usable as food.
Although these trees grow naturally in harsh semi-arid tropical regions of the world, significant technical development and management is required to ensure that cultivating these trees for energy is economically productive and environmentally sustainable.
Advantages of CleanStar's System
This approach is significantly more sustainable than current biodiesel feedstock systems:
1. The hardy inedible oilseed trees grow on idle land, meaning no Food vs. Fuel competition.
2. Rural employment is created initially to plant trees, and annually for maintenance & harvesting.
3. Once established, the trees are self-sufficient and do not require replanting for 30-50 years.
4. Consequently, this forestry-based system is much less energy, water and nutrient intensive than existing crop-based systems for biofuel feedstock production like Corn, Soya, or Oil Palm.
